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| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Nerve |
| Superficial layer |
| pronator teres | humeral head: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna | lateral radius at middle of shaft (pronator tuberosity) | pronation of forearm; flexion of elbow (weak action) | median nerve (C6, C7) |
| flexor carpi radialis | medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon | base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals | flexion of hand at wrist; radially deviation (abduction) of wrist; flexion & pronate of forearm (weak action) | median nerve (C6, C7) |
| palmaris longus | medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon | flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis | flexion of hand at wrist | median nerve (C7,C8) |
| flexor carpi ulnaris | humeral head: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon; ulnar head: medial aspect of olecranon & proximal 2/3 of posterior ulna | pisiform & hamate bones (via pisohamate ligament); base of 5th metacarpal (via pisometacarpal ligament) | flexion of hand at wrist; ulnar deviation (adduction) of wrist; elbow flexion (weak action); stabilizes wrist to permit powerful thumb motion | ulnar nerve (C7, C8) |
| brachioradialis | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | styloid process of radius (lateral side) | flexion of forearm (at elbow); pronation of forearm when supinated; supination of forearm when pronated | radial nerve (C5, C6) |
| Intermediate layer |
| flexor digitorum superficialis | humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon & coronoid process of ulna; medial (ulnar) collateral ligament
radial head: oblique line of radius along its upper anterior boarder | base of middle phalanges of fingers #2-5 (tendon split at insertion) | flexion of fingers #2-5 (at PIP & MCP); flexion of wrist& hand; flexion of elbow (weak action) | median nerve (C7, C8, T1) |
| Deep layer |
| flexor digitorum profundus | anterior & medial surface of ulna (proximal 1/2) & interosseous membrane | base of distal phalange of fingers #2-5 | flexion of fingers (at DIP, PIP & MCP joints); flexion of wrist | median nerve (C8,T1) (radial 1/2 of muscle); ulnar nerve (C8, T1) (ulnar 1/2 of muscle) |
| flexor pollicis longus | radius (middle anterior surface) & interosseous membrane (may also originate from lateral boarder of coronoid process or medial epicondyle) | base of distal phalanx of thumb (anterior aspect) | flexion of thumb (IP, CMC, MCP joints); flexion of hand at wrist | median nerve (C7, C8) |
| supinator | lateral epicondyle of humerus & supinator crest of ulna | proximal 1/3 of radius | supination of forearm (at proximal radioulnar joint) | radial nerve (C6, C7) |
| pronator quadratus | anterior distal ulna (distal 1/4) | anterior distal radius (distal 1/4) | pronation of forearm | median nerve (C7, C8) |
Vertebral Column