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| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Nerve |
| levator palpebrae superioris | lesser wing of sphenoid bone (anterior surface) | upper eyelid (fascia & skin) | elevates upper eyelid | oculomotor nerve (CN III) |
| buccinator | maxilla & mandible (posterior alveolar process of both bones); pterygomandibular raphe | modiolus (just lateral to the angle of the mouth | compresses cheek(s) | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| corrugator supercilii | frontal bone just above nose (lateral to glabella) | skin of medial portion of eyebrows | draws eyebrows downward & medially ("thinker's brow") | facial nerve (CN VII) (zygomatic branch) |
| depressor anguli oris | along oblique line of mandible; lateral aspect of mental tubercle of mandible | modiolus (near angle of mouth) | depresses angle(s) of mouth (frown) | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| depressor labii inferioris | mandible (between symphysis & mental foramen) | skin & fascia of lower lip | draws lower lip downward & laterally; everts lower lip | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| depressor septi nasi | incisive fossa of maxilla | septum & alar cartilage of nose | constricts notrils | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| frontalis | galea aponeurotica | skin & fascia above nose & eyes | draws scalp posteriorly to raise eyebrows & wrinkle brow (surprise) | facial nerve (CN VII), temporal branch of |
| levator anguli oris | below infraorbital foramen of maxilla | modiolus (near angle of mouth) | elevates angle(s) of mouth (smiling) | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| levator labii superioris | medial inferior orbital margin of maxilla | upper lip muscles | elevates upper lip; everts upper lip | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| levator labii superioris alaeque nasi | frontal process of maxilla | lateral slip: upper lip muscles; medial slip: alar cartilage of nose | elevates upper lip; flares nostrils; everts upper lip | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| mentalis | incisive fossa of mandible | skin & fascia of chin | elevation of lower lip; everts lower lip; wrinkles skin of chin | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| nasalis | transverse part: maxilla (lateral to nose); alar part: maxilla, superior to canine alveolar process | transverse part: opposite side nasalis over upper cartilage of nose; alar part: alar cartilage of nose (nasal wing) | flares nostrils (particularly in forced respiration) | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| occipitalis | lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line & EOP | galea aponeurotica | draws back scalp to raise eyebrows & wrinkle brow (surprise) | facial nerve (CN VII), posterior auricular branch |
| orbicularis oculi | orbital portion: nasal process of frontal bone; palpebral portion: palpebral ligament; lacrimal portion: lacrimal crest of lacrimal bone | circumferentially around orbit meeting at the origin | closes eye tightly, squinting of the eye; depresses upper eye lid, elevates lower eyelid (palpebral part) | facial nerve (CN VII) (zygomatic branch) |
| orbicularis oris | modiolus (just lateral to angle of mouth) | circumferentially around mouth; blends with other muscles | closes mouth; protrudes lips (puckering of lips) | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| platysma | subcutaneous fascia (over deltoid-pectoral region) | mandible & subcutaneous fascia of lower face | tenses skin over lower neck (creates ridge in skin); depress mandible & lower lip | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| procerus | nasal bone & cartilages | Skin & fascia between eyebrows | draws medial eyebrow downward (menacing expression); wrinkles skin of superior nose | facial nerve ( CN VII) (superior buccal branches) |
| risorius | parotid fascia (superficial to masseter) | modiolus (near angle of mouth) | draws angle of mouth laterally (false smile) | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| zygomaticus major | zygomatic bone (anterior to zygomatic-temporal suture) | modiolus (near angle of mouth) | elevates angle of mouth (smiling); pulls angle of mouth laterally | facial nerve (CN VII) |
| zygomaticus minor | zygomatic bone (posterior to zygomaticmaxillary suture) | skin, fascia & muscles of upper lip | elevates upper lip (smile); everts upper lip | facial nerve (CN VII) |
Vertebral Column