Anatomy, Assessment & Treatment Resources to help you Level-UP
We’ve got your back.
Range of Motion
- Flexion 80-90°
- Extension 60-70°
- Lateral Flexion 20-45°
- Rotation 70-90°
- TMJ 35-50 mm opening
- Head and Neck Motion
Palpation
- Mandible
- Zygomatic arch/cheeks
- Masseter/Parotids
- Salivary glands
- Lymph nodes
- Suprahyoid muscles
- SCM
- Mastoid processes
- Temporal & carotid pulse
- Scalp & hair
- Ears & eye lids
- Upper trapezius
- Levatorscapulae
- Occipitalis
- EOP
- Splenius capitis
- Semispinalis capitis
- Suboccipitals
- Muscles of facial expression
- Muscles of mastication
- Oral cavity (gloved hand)
- Facet joints / Articular pillars
- SPs & upper rib motion
- Clavicle SC Joint
- TMJ
- Alar Ligament Stress Test
- Bakody’s Sign/Shoulder Abduction
- Brachial Plexus Compression Test
- Brachial Plexus Stretch Test
- Brudzinski’s Sign
- Cervical Compression Test
- Cervical Distraction Test
- Jull’s/Neck Flexor Endurance Test
- Lateral Shear Test
- L’hermitte’s / Cervical Hyperflexion
- Naffzinger’s Test
- Rust’s Sign
- Scalene Cramp Test
- Sharp-Purser Test
- Shoulder Depression
- Soto-Hall Test
- Swivel Chair (dizziness) Test
- TMJ 3 Knuckle Test
- Transverse Ligament Stress Test
- Valsalva Maneuver
- Vertebral Basilar Artery Tests
- Upper Limb Tension Tests
- Head and Neck Intro
- Cervical radiculopathy
- Cervical facet syndrome
- Cervical Sprain Strain Whiplash
- Cervical Instability
- Cervical Meniscoid
- Cervical DJD
- Concussion
- Discogenic Pain Syndrome
- Migraine headache
- Headache Muscle Tension
- Cluster headache
- Pathologic headache
- Benign positional vertigo
- Stroke or TIA
- TMJ syndrome
- VBI
- Cervical Neck DDx OSCE
Range of Motion
- Flexion 160-180°
- Extension 50-60°
- Med./lat. rotation 90°/80°
- Abduction 180°
- Adduction 35°
- Horizontal Add./Abd. 130°/45°
- Scapulohumeral (humerus: scapula) 120°:60° (2:1)
- Shoulder & Arm – Range of Motion
Palpation
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids
- Levator scapulae
- Scalenes
- Thoracic outlet
- C-spine, T-spine & ribs
- Deltoid muscle
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus/Teres minor
- AC & SC joint
- GH joint / rotator cuff
- Teres major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Subscapularis
- Serratus anterior
- Triceps brachii
- Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor
- Coracoid process
- Coracobrachialis
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Bicipital groove
- Radial groove
- Adson’s test
- Apley’s Scratch test
- Biceps load test
- Clunk & Crank
- Costoclavicular maneuver
- Drop arm test (Clodman’s)
- Empty can test
- External rotation lag sign
- Faegan’s test
- GH apprehension test
- Halstead’s maneuver (reverse Adson’s)
- Hawkins-Kennedy
- Hyper extension test
- Load & shift
- O’Brien’s
- Neer’s Test
- Speed’s Test
- Step Defect & Sulcus Sign
- Painful arc
- Lippmans test
- Roo’s test
- Yergason’s test
- Shoulder Pathology Intro
- AC sprain
- Bicipital tendinopathy
- Calcific tendinopathy
- Frozen shoulder
- Glenohumeral instability
- Glenoid labral tear
- GH dislocation
- Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
- Scapulocostal Syndrome
- Supraspinatus imping
- Suprasinatus Tendinopathy
- Subscapularis tendinopathy
- Supraspinatis tendonitis
- Rotator Cuff Tear
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Shoulder DDx OSCE
Range of Motion
- Flexion 80-90°
- Extension 70-90°
- Ulnar Flexion 30-45°
- Radial Flexion 15°
- Supination 85°-90°
- Pronation 85°-90°
- Fingers
- PIP joint
- DIP joint
- Elbow, Wrist & Hand – Range of Motion
Palpation
- Introduction
- Carpals
- Medial epicondyle
- Ulnar groove
- Wrist flexors
- Pronator teres
- Lateral epicondyle
- Wrist extensors
- Thumb extensors
- Interossei
- Thenar/hypothenar pad
- Carpal tunnel
- Tunnel of Guyon (ulnar)
- Anatomic snuff box
- Metacarpals 1-5
- Thumb (#1)
- Finger (#2-5)
- Scaphoid
- Lunate, Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Dorsal (Lister’s) tubercle and Ulnar/Radial Styloids
- Trapezium, Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate (hook)
- Ulnar/radial styloids
- Triangular fibrocartilage
- Collateral ligaments
- Metacarpals and Phalanges
- Pronator Teres
- Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Palmaris Longus
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Flexor Pollicis Longus
- Pronator Quadratus
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- Extensor Digitorum
- Extensor Digiti Minimi
- Anconeus
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Supinator
- Abductor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Pollicis Brevis
- Extensor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Indicis
- Thenar Muscles
- Hypothenar Muscles
- Central Hand Muscles
- Adductor Pollicis
- Dorsal and Palmar Interossei
- Valgus stress test
- Varus stress test
- Scaphoid Fracture Test
- Cozen’s test
- Mill’s test
- Elbow Flexion Test
- Reverse Cozen’s
- Reverse Mill’s
- Tinel’s Elbow Test
- Bracelet Test
- Flick Maneuver
- Lunotriquetral Ballotement
- Median Nerve Comp Test
- Sweater Sign
- Finkelstein’s test
- Phalen’s test
- Pinch Grip Test
- Press Test (TFC)
- Tinel’s Test
- Reverse Phalen’s test
- Froments Sign
- Allen test
- Thumb Abduction Stress Test
- Thenar Atrophy
- Thumb Grind Test
- TFC Dorsal Glide Test
- Watson Scaphoid Shift Test
- Wringing Test
- Wrist Drop Test
- Valgus Varus Test
- Intro Elbow, Wrists & Hand
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Lateral epicondylitis
- Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
- Toddler’s elbow
- Elbow osteochondritis
- Lateral epicondylitis
- Medial epicondylitis
- Olecranon bursitis
- AVN Lunate Keinbocks
- de Quervain’s
- Thumb (UCL) tear
- Wrist sprain
- Carpal instability
- Scaphoid fracture
- Lunate dislocation
- Triangular fibrocart. tear
- Elbow Ulnar Collareral Ligament
- Ganglion cyst
- Dupuytren contracture
- Game Keepers Thumb
- Elbow DDx OSCE
Range of Motion
- Active range of motion (thoracic)
- Flexion 20-45° (Adam’s sign for scoliosis)
- Extension 25-45°
- Lateral flexion 20-40°
- Rotation 35-50°
- Thoracic & Torso – Range of Motion
- SPs & TPs T1-L5
- Rib Palpation
- Erector spinae
- Upper and Lower ribs
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids
- Latissimus dorsi
- Quadratus lumborum
- Sternum
- Supraclavicular fossa
- Axilla (anterior & posterior)
- Lymph nodes
- Pectoralis major/minor
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Sternocostal joints
- Abdominal muscles
- Diaphragm
- Abdominal viscera
- Abdominal aorta
- Ilium & sacrum
- Abdomen
- Transversospinalis
- Scapulae
Range of Motion
- Flexion 40-60°
- Extension 20-35°
- Lateral Flexion 15-20°
- Rotation 3-18°
- SI – Flexion/Extension 0-10°
- SI – Int./external rotation 0-10°
- Lumbar & Pelvis – Range of Motion
Palpation
- SPs & TPs T1-L5
- Erector spinae
- Upper ribs
- Lower ribs
- Scapulae
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids
- Latissimus dorsi
- Quadratus lumborum
- Sternum / clavicle
- Axilla (anterior & posterior)
- Lymph nodes
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Sternocostal joints
- Abdominal muscles
- Diaphragm
- Abdominal viscera
- Abdominal aorta
- Ilium & sacrum
- Sacrotuberous & Sacrospinous ligament
- SI joint
- Abdomen
- Lumbar Spine & Sacrum
- Squat & Rise
- Active SLR
- Nachlas’s & Ely’s Test
- Piriformis Test
- ASIS Symmetry
- Belt Test
- Laguerre’s Test
- Lewin’s Punch Test
- Gaenslen’s Test
- Fortin Fingers
- Gluteal Skyline Test
- Goldthwait’s Test
- Psis Asymmetry
- Pubic Shear Test
- Sacral Shear Test
- SI Distraction Test
- SI Joint Play (Flexion Extension)
- SI Compression Test
- Sacrotuberous Ligament Stress Test
- SI Marching Test (Gillette or Marching Test)
- Sit-Up Leg Length
- SI Joint Adjustment
- Thigh Thrust Test (Oostagard’s or Post Test)
- Minor’s Sign
- Yeoman’s Test
- Murphy’s punch (kidney)
Range of Motion
- Flexion (straight leg) ~90°
- Flexion (bent knee) ~120°
- Extension 10-15°
- Abduction 30-50°
- Adduction 30°
- Medial rotation 30-40°
- Lateral rotation 40-60°
- Hip & Thigh – Range of Motion
Palpation
- TFL/ Iliotibial band (ITB)
- SI joint
- Sacrotub./spinous lig.
- Greater trochanter
- Ischial tuberosity
- L-spine/sacrum
- Gluteus max./med.
- Piriformis
- Sciatic nerve
- Hamstrings
- Popliteal fossa
- Gastrocnemius heads
- ASIS/iliac crest
- Iliopsoas
- Pubic symphysis
- Inguinal lig./nodes
- Femoral triangle & artery
- Adductor muscles
- Abdomen
- Quadriceps
- Patella (facets, bursa)
- Patellar ligament
- Tibial tuberosity
- Pes anserine
- Med./lat. knee joint/meniscus
- Med./lat. femoral condyle
- Medial & lateral collateral ligs.
- Gluteus Maximus
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
- Piriformis
- Superior & Inferior Gemellus
- Obturator Internus
- Obturator Externus
- Quadratus Femoris
- Psoas Major & Minor
- Iliacus
- Tensor Fasciae Latae
- Sartorius
- Rectus Femoris
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Intermedius
- Vastus Medialis
- Pectineus
- Adductor Longus & Brevis
- Gracilis
- Adductor Magnus
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Biceps Femoris
- Hamstring
- Iliopsoas
- Quadriceps
- Short Lateral Rotators
- Allis/Skyline view
- Anvil Test
- Acetabular Labral Tear Test
- Craig’s Test
- Dial/Log Roll Test
- Femoral Neck Stress FX Test
- SI Resisted Abduction
- Rectus Femoris Contracture Test
- Gaenslen-Thomas test
- Hamstring Contracture Test
- Hip Telescoping Test
- Leg length discrepancy
- Nachla’s/Ely’s test
- Ober’s test
- Ober’s Modified Test
- Patrick’s test
- Piriformis test
- Scouring test (Quadrant)
- Patellar Public Percussion
- Yeoman’s test
Range of Motion
*knee must be flexed 90º to allow rotation
Palpation
- TFL/ Iliotibial band (ITB)
- Ischial tuberosity
- L-spine/sacrum
- Gluteus max./med.
- Hamstrings
- Popliteal fossa
- Gastrocnemius heads
- Adductor muscles
- Quadriceps
- Patella (facets, bursa)
- Patellar ligament
- Tibial tuberosity
- Pes anserine
- Medial/Lateral Collateral Ligament
- Med./lat. femoral condyle
- Medial/Lateral Knee Joint/Meniscus
- Fibular head & neck
- Joint Line
- Acetabular Labral Tear
- Avascular Necrosis
- ACL Sprain
- PCL Sprain
- MCL Sprain
- LCL Sprain
- Meniscus tear
- Congenital Hip Dysplasia
- Coxa Vara Valga
- Chondromalacia patellae
- Groin Stain
- Hamstring Strain
- Hip Bursitis
- Hip DJD
- Iliotibial band syndrome
- Inguinal Hernia
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Osgood-Schlatter
- Patella dislocation
- Tibial Stress Fracture
- Knee DDx OSCE
Range of Motion
- Plantar flexion 50°
- Dorsiflexion 20°
- Inversion 45-60°
- Eversion 15-30°
- Metatarsophalangeal
- MTP – Flexion 75°
- MTP – Extension 35°
Palpation
- Tibial tuberosity & fibular head
- Tibial crest & knee joint line
- Lat./Med. malleolus
- Navicular (tuberosity)
- Cuboid & cuneiforms
- Talus (head, neck, trochlea)
- Calcaneus
- Sustentaculum tali
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges (MP / PIP / DIP joints)
- Sinus tarsi
- Ant. talofibular lig.
- Calcaneofibular lig.
- Post. talofibular lig.
- Spring ligament
- Deltoid ligament
- Subtalar joint
- Midtarsal joint
- Tarsometatarsal joints
- Gastrocnemius/soleus (1)
- Gastrocnemius/soleus (2)
- Achilles tendon
- TDH muscles (Tib post, flex Digi & Hal)
- Tarsal tunnel (tibial nerve)
- Fibularus L., B. & tertius muscles
- Tib. ant., EHL, EDL muscles
- Plantar fascia & muscles
- Tibial & dorsal pedal pulse
- Lateral Ankle Ligaments
- Medial Ankle Ligaments
- Ankle Stirrup
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
- Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
- Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris
- Popliteus
- Tibialis Posterior
- Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Dorsal Foot Muscles
- Dorsal & Plantar Interossei
- Intrinsic Foot Muscles
proCentral Resources
Access tons of great content. Many resources are available 100% free!
proCentral News & Updates
2023-09-06
New Nutrition Videos section
2023-06-28
Joint Mobilization section upgrades
2023-06-24
Public News & Updates feed added 👋
2023-06-23
Conditions videos added
2023-06-20
💪 Action videos added
2023-06-18
Gray’s Anatomy navigation improvements
Read Prohealthsys Textbooks Online
Master Edition members have unlimited online access to these textbooks
Our Shop also offers latest edition Textbooks in hard copy.
Read Physical Therapy Textbooks Online
Master Edition members have unlimited online access to these textbooks.
Our Shop also offers latest edition Textbooks in hard copy.
Interested in a proCentral Membership? Sign up here.
Not a member? Purchase a WebBook to unlock and enjoy 24/7 online reader access!
Not a member? Purchase to unlock webbooks and enjoy 24/7 access!
Prohealthsys Magical Test Generator
The Test Generator is pre-loaded with more than 1000 questions that you can magically generate into custom tests. Questions come complete with references and explanations.
Instructors: save hours of time and let our Magical Test Generator do the hard work for you.
Students: maximize your exam studying with custom practice exams that include full explanations of the correct answer.
Courses & Mini Courses
Enjoy these courses FREE with your proCentral Master Edition Membership.
NOTE — you will be required to enter basic billing info to complete the checkout process.
We roll out new resources on a regular basis, so check this page often! If you have any questions, please visit our Help Section.